Uruguay

An individual is a Uruguay tax resident if present in the country more than 183 days in the calendar year, or if the base of their activities or their economic or vital interests is in Uruguay — presumed when a spouse and dependent children habitually reside in Uruguay, or when more Uruguay-source income is earned than from any other single country. Sufficiently large investments in Uruguayan real estate, promoted companies, or job-creating businesses also create a residency presumption, rebuttable by proof of fiscal residence elsewhere.

Resident individuals must file their annual tax return between June and August, with the first payment due near the end of August; non-residents must instead file and make final payment in May.

Uruguay taxes both resident and non-resident individuals under a source principle: tax applies to income from activities carried out, property located, or rights economically used within Uruguay, and in specific cases foreign-source income is taxed as well.

Only a few expenses are deductible from Uruguay's labor-income tax — chiefly social security contributions, plus a notional allowance for the education, food, health, and housing of dependent underage children — so almost the whole of gross income remains taxable.

Uruguay's labor-income tax can instead be assessed on a family-unit basis, under its own combined rate scale that depends on the aggregate income of the family group's members.

Uruguay applies no VAT registration threshold. VAT returns are generally filed monthly by medium and large taxable persons, while small taxable persons file annually.

Uruguay taxes basic foodstuffs, soap, medicines, and health services at the reduced 10% rate, while exempt supplies include foreign currencies, securities and other financial transactions, milk, and books, newspapers, and educational material.

An individual who sells a property that was their permanent residence may obtain a credit or refund of the IRPF withheld on the sale when, jointly: the sale amount does not exceed 1,200,000 indexed units (UI), at least 50% of the proceeds go toward acquiring a new permanent residence within 12 months of the sale, and the new home's acquisition value does not exceed 1,800,000 UI.