Argentina

Argentina classifies individuals as residents, non-residents, or foreign beneficiaries. Argentine nationals living in Argentina are residents, as are foreign nationals assigned to work in Argentina for more than five years or otherwise present for more than 12 months; foreign nationals working temporarily in Argentina for under six months in a calendar year are instead treated as foreign beneficiaries.

The tax year is the calendar year. Registered taxpayers generally must file by May or June of the following year, but employees whose only income is withheld payroll compensation have no separate filing obligation; self-employed workers must also make advance payments toward the current year's liability based on the prior year's tax.

Non-residents and foreign beneficiaries are taxed only on their Argentine-source income rather than worldwide income. Foreign beneficiaries working temporarily in Argentina for no more than six months in the arts or another profession are taxed at 24.5%, computed as 35% on an assumed profit of 70% of gross income and withheld by the local payer; other income types can carry different withholding rates.

Residents can deduct social security and pension contributions, education expenses for dependents, charitable donations up to 5% of net income, medical-scheme contributions up to 5% of net income, mortgage interest on a personal home up to an annual cap, and a portion of rental and domestic-staff expenses, alongside annual personal allowances for the taxpayer, spouse, and each child.

Argentina operates a Monotributo (simplified small-taxpayer regime) under Law 24,977, an alternative to the general income tax regime. ARCA's guidance describes specific activities excluded from Monotributo — such as corporate directorships, partnership profit shares, and certain financial income — that must instead be declared under the general income tax regime even while the individual remains registered as a Monotributo taxpayer for their other activities.

VAT is charged on the sale of most goods, most services, and imports, and is remitted by filing monthly VAT returns.

Exempt transactions include books, natural water, common bread, milk, medicine, postage stamps, government and public-institution services, private school and university education, hospital and medical care, and housing rentals. Exports are treated as zero-rated, with a refund mechanism for related input VAT.

Capital gains on shares and other collective-investment-fund interests are exempt from the cedular income tax when the securities were issued in an IPO or are traded on markets under the Comisión Nacional de Valores' jurisdiction; gains on government or corporate Argentine bonds and local mutual funds are exempt outright. Real estate sold by a resident individual was exempt only when it was the taxpayer's primary residence through fiscal year 2025; from 1 January 2026, gains on the sale of real estate or real estate rights by resident individuals become exempt outright under the applicable statutory amendment.

Gains from mere currency-exchange-rate or valuation differences on crypto-assets held by an individual — as distinct from gains realized on an actual sale or exchange — are not subject to Impuesto a las Ganancias; the same appreciation is taxed when earned by a company or other Article 53 taxpayer.