Serbia

An individual is a Serbian tax resident if their residence or centre of business and vital interests is in Serbia, if they are present in Serbia for 183 days or more (continuously or with breaks) within any 12-month period beginning or ending in the tax year, or if they are sent abroad to work for a Serbian diplomatic or consular mission or in an international organisation on Serbia's behalf.

For employment income the employer calculates, withholds, and pays personal income tax at each salary payment, so employees generally do not separately file for that income; offshore income must instead be self-reported within 30 days of receipt. The supplementary annual tax return is auto-generated by 1 April for the prior year, and taxpayers have until 15 May to review and amend it.

Serbian tax residents are taxed on their worldwide income, while non-residents are taxed on their Serbian-source income and on worldwide income related to their work in or for Serbia.

For the supplementary annual tax, Serbia allows a personal deduction of 40% of the average annual salary for the taxpayer and a further 15% of the average annual salary for each dependent family member, available to Serbian and foreign nationals alike; total deductions cannot exceed 50% of the taxable income.

A sole proprietor who is unable to keep formal books of account, or who meets certain other conditions, may instead be taxed under a simplified 'lump-sum' regime rather than under the standard rules for entrepreneurial income.

Foreign entities making taxable supplies in Serbia must register for VAT and appoint a fiscal representative regardless of turnover. The standard taxable period is the calendar month, but taxpayers with total annual turnover under RSD 50 million file quarterly instead; returns are due within 15 days of the end of each period.

A 0% rate with the right to deduct input VAT applies to exports and to transport and other services directly related to exports. A tax exemption without the right of deduction applies to trading in shares and other securities, insurance and reinsurance, and the leasing of apartments and business premises.

Residents are exempt from capital gains tax when the asset being disposed of — including shares and other securities — has been held for more than ten consecutive years.

Residents are exempt from tax on gains from digital property when the asset has been held for more than ten consecutive years before transfer — the same holding-period exemption that applies to other capital assets.